Understanding Scanning to BIM Modelling Technology Era
In the ray of transformation through digitization in today, AEC (Architecture, Engineering, and Construction) industry is not an exception. With an industry that relies on visualization to develop tangible ground realities, there has to be optimization in its design, draft, modeling, engineering.
From Scanning to BIM Modelling to Virtual Design and Construction and now moving a step towards AI. The technology from scanning to modelling to facility management throughout construction lifecycle is holding the fort. VDC BIM automation process, has been started to be accepted widely across the globe. Now even government is also making adoption of BIM modeling in USA compulsory for AEC federal projects.
Before executing and learning how 3D scan to BIM can help to reduce design and construction costs. All stakeholders from project manager, feasibility analyst, estimator, architect, modeler, urban planner , general contrator, MEP engineer, 3d scanning technician need to know basic scan to modeling terminology for 2024 and years coming ahead.
Varied 3D Scanning Techniques
Photogrammetry is a process of creating 3D models or maps from high resolution 2D photos captured from different angles.
If you are looking for a high-accuracy 3D model, then 3D laser scanning is the best option. However, if you are looking for a less expensive and faster option, then this article will help you difference between photogrammetry and 3D laser scanning?
3D Laser Scanning uses laser beams to capture precise measurements of objects and environments by calculating the distance between the scanner and various surface points.
This technology is used in fields like construction, architecture, and engineering to create as-built documentation, facilitate accurate modeling, and support detailed analysis and visualization.
LiDAR Scanning (Light Detection and Ranging) is a remote sensing technology. Using laser pulses to measure distances to a target by calculating the time it takes for the laser light to bounce back after hitting an object.
It is used for topographic mapping, forestry, autonomous vehicles, and construction to capture detailed spatial information about natural and built environments.
Decoding Scanning to 3D Modeling Terminology In Construction
In construction lifecycle to integrated facility management divergent stakeholders are involved at different stages. In traditional project management coordination and consistency was the biggest challenge. The digitized construction era has resolved the concern. From initial planning and design through construction, operation, and maintenance stakeholders utilize BIM VDC technology for consistent clash coordinated workflow.
To learn the terminologies for Scanning Modelling in construction. The process begins with 3D scanning. From photogrammetry to Laser scanning and working towards LiDAR scanning basic remains the scan. The topography or building is scanned and data is captured through 3D scanners. The scanners capture real time data in form of dots called point cloud data or scanned data.
Read More:- Download our free Scan to BIM Execution Plan & Checklist: The Must-Have Guide for Any Project Manager today and start using it on your next project!
The last step involves Model verification regarding the LOA and LOD required for the replication of the existing project. Some of the best Scan-to-BIM software includes TruView and Reality Capture.
One significant application of this Scan-to-BIM technology can be Scan-to-InfraBIM,optimizing infrastructure management across the globe.
Also Read: – Explore our Scan to BIM | Point Cloud to BIM Modeling Services
⏩ Point Cloud Data
The spatial data points of scanned asset is known as point cloud data . Each point in the cloud represents a location in space, often with additional information such as color or intensity. points in 3D space, typically captured through technologies such as laser scanning or photogrammetry.
Application of point cloud modeling is not restricted to architecture, engineering, and construction AEC industry. Other applications such as virtual reality, video game design, and environmental modeling also utilize scan to 3d modeling data set.
The point cloud data obtained through lidar (laser scanning) is referred to as Point cloud lidar.
Digitally captured data is registered through softwares like Cylcone 360. The registered point cloud file with .imp file format can be convered into a mesh, CAD or 3D Model as per requirement.
In the scan-to-BIM process, the lidar point cloud data is pre-processed to remove noise, outliers, and other unwanted data, and then used to generate a mesh model. The mesh model is then further processed to create a BIM model
⏩ Point cloud to Mesh
Converting a point cloud to a mesh is a process of creating a 3D surface model from the point cloud data. A mesh is a representation of a 3D surface consisting of a collection of vertices, edges, and faces.
Application of mesh model includes 3D printing, visualization, analysis, and simulation.
In the context of scan-to-BIM, converting a point cloud to a mesh is often the first step in creating a BIM model, as the mesh model can be further processed to a digital twin with pinpoint precision.
⏩ Point Cloud to CAD
Point cloud to CAD involves converting three-dimensional point cloud data into a computer-aided design (CAD) model. Point clouds consist of dense XYZ coordinates that capture the shape and spatial information of physical objects or environments.
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The transformation process includes creating a mesh representation where the vertices correspond to the refined points of the point cloud.
This mesh model is then converted into a CAD model, enabling users to analyze, visualize in simpler geometries, and manipulate the data using CAD software.
⏩ Data Extraction
Data extraction is a crucial step in the scan-to-BIM process, as it involves extracting meaningful information from the 3D point cloud data captured by the 3D scanner and using it to create a 3D BIM model of the existing building or infrastructure.
The data extracted from the point cloud can include information about the geometry, structure, materials, and other features of the building or infrastructure.
⏩ Model Verification
Model verification is an important part of the scan-to-BIM process, as it ensures that the 3D BIM model accurately represents the existing building or infrastructure.
There are several methods for verifying the accuracy of a scan-to-BIM model, including:
- Comparison with the point cloud data: The first step in verifying a scan-to-BIM model is to compare it with the original point cloud data. This allows any discrepancies or errors in the model to be identified and corrected.
- Clash detection: Clash detection involves checking the 3D BIM model for any clashes or interferences between different elements, such as walls, floors, and columns. This helps to ensure that the model is structurally sound and that there are no collisions or conflicts between different components.
- 3D visualization: 3D visualization tools can be used to review and analyze the scan-to-BIM model in detail. This can help to identify any areas where the model may be inaccurate or incomplete. If it requires modeling, the detailed development of the existing project can be done through various BIM tools. Further, it can also be enhanced in terms of texturing and rendering.
- Field verification: Finally, field verification involves physically inspecting the existing building or infrastructure to confirm that the scan-to-BIM model is as per the site chosen. This may involve measuring and comparing dimensions, verifying materials and finishes, and checking for any other details that may have been missed during the scan-to-BIM process.
⏩ As-Built Drawings
Construction drawings depicting the existing condition of the physcial asset is termed “As-built drawings.” Also, known as record drawings, these are periodically updated with progress in the phases. Creating of as built documentation helps in. Scan-to-BIM ensures smarter and information-rich as-built drawings for facility management.
Both shop drawings and as-built drawings are important documents for contractors. Where the former is created at the initiation stage and later is used renovation or maintenance of a facility or creating Digital Twin.
Shop Drawings vs. As-Built Drawings: What’s the Difference?
I hope this information is help for you!
⏩ Level Of Development/Detail (LOD)
Level Of Development/Detail (LOD) represents the detailing in the Scan-to-BIM process. How much detailed the scan is and the precision of data reflected back in the model.
BIM Levels of Development (LOD) is an industry standard and an integral part of the Building Information Modeling process that defines the details of the geometry of a building at each stage or level. It also represents the complexity of the detail of the project. LOD BIM varies from 100 to 500.
The level of detail increases with the increase in numbers. For example, LOD 100 shows the most basic detail about the structure whereas LOD 500 represents a highly detailed BIM model.
Read More: – Level of Detail & Development (LOD 100 -500) in BIM Modeling Explained
⏩ Level Of Accuracy (LOA)
The Level Of Accuracy (LOA) is for accuracy concerning the Scan-to-BIM process. It means how accurately the data is scanned and reflected back in the development of digital twin.
The Level Of Accuracy – LOA, is the measure of acceptable tolerance of errors in a building information model. The LOA number represents the accuracy level of a BIM model. LOA 10 is a model with the least accuracy. It is used as a rough measurement.
The tolerance range of errors in LOA 10 is between 5 cm to 15 cm. LOA 50 represents the highest level of accuracy of a BIM model. The range of acceptable errors is between 0 mm to 1 mm. LOA 20 to LOA 30 is the most commonly used range for scan-to-BIM workflows.
⏩ IFC ( Industry Foundation Classes)
An open, standardized data format used to facilitate the interoperability of BIM data across different software platforms.
Role of IFC interoperatibility for facility managers is to integrate data from different sources. This implies consistent information sharing amongst architectural models, MEP systems, and structural designs, without being locked into a specific software ecosystem.
⏩ CDE ( Common Data Environment)
CDE a centralized digital repository used to manage, store, and share information among project stakeholders throughout the lifecycle of a construction project. It is single source of truth for all project-related data, including drawings, models, documents, schedules, and communications. This ensures that all stakeholders have access to the most current and accurate information, reducing errors and inconsistencies.
A Common Data Environment supports a variety of file formats, including BIM models (e.g., IFC), drawings (e.g., DWG, PDF), schedules, and other documentation. An easy collaboration and integration is ensured. The data from different software tools and disciplines can be easily shared and accessed. It is a fundamental tool in modern construction and BIM practices, promoting better data management and collaboration throughout the project lifecycle.
⏩ Parametric Modeling
Parametric modeling is a design methodology that leverages algorithms, parameters, and constraints to create dynamic and adaptable digital models, allowing for precise control over geometry and properties. By using parameters as variables that define dimensions, materials, or other attributes, parametric modeling enables the automatic updating of a model when these variables are modified, ensuring consistency and accuracy throughout the design process.
This approach is particularly valuable in fields like architecture, engineering, and product design, where complex geometries, optimization, and customization are essential. Key elements of parametric modeling include associative modeling, which maintains relationships between different components, and algorithmic design, which uses mathematical formulas and computational methods to generate intricate forms and patterns, enhancing the flexibility and efficiency of the design process.
⏩ COBie (Construction Operations Building Information Exchange)
COBie is a standardized data format used for capturing and sharing information related to building assets, particularly for facility management and operations. It provides a structured way to collect and manage data about the various components of a building, including spaces, systems, equipment, and their attributes, throughout the lifecycle of a construction project.
It is designed to streamline the handover process from construction to operations by ensuring that all necessary information, such as manufacturer details, installation dates, warranties, and maintenance schedules, is accurately recorded and easily accessible. The data format is typically structured in a spreadsheet or as part of a Building Information Model (BIM), allowing for seamless interoperability between different software platforms and stakeholders. By standardizing data exchange, COBie improves the efficiency of facility management, reduces errors, and enhances the accuracy of maintenance planning and asset management, ultimately contributing to more sustainable and cost-effective building operations.
⏩ BCF (BIM Collaboration Format)
BCF is an open file format that supports collaborative workflows in Building Information Management by allowing project team members to exchange information about model-based issues, comments, and changes. It contains data about issues like design conflicts or construction problems but does not contain any geometric data itself.
This format enhances communication and coordination in BIM projects, particularly during clash detection and resolution processes. It allows different software tools to exchange issue-related information without the need for proprietary formats, making it easier for team members to collaborate and resolve issues.
⏩ IDS (Information Delivery Specification)
IDS is a specification to define the information requirements for BIM data exchange. It outlines what information is needed, how it should be structured, and the format it should be in, ensuring that the data provided meets the project’s requirements.
All parties involved in a project provide the required information in a consistent and compatible format, enhancing the quality and usability of the 3D data. It is often developed alongside the EIR (Exchange Information Requirement Document) to guide the information exchange processes throughout the project.
⏩ IDM (Information Delivery Manual)
IDM is a methodology that specifies the processes and information flow required for 3D data exchanges during a construction project. It provides a structured approach for defining who needs what information, when they need it, and how it should be delivered.To maintain consistent flow of data during BIM implementation amongst all stakeholders.
⏩ TruView
TruView is a free software application from Autodesk used for viewing, marking up, measuring, and collaborating on laser scan data in the form of point clouds and panoramic images.
TruView allows users to navigate and interact with 3D data captured through laser scanning technology in a user-friendly interface.
The software supports a variety of file formats and offers a range of features, including the ability to take measurements, annotate the data with text or markup tools, and share the data with others via the internet.
⏩ Reality Capture
Reality capture is a technology-driven process used to create accurate digital representations of physical environments, often through 3D laser scanning and photogrammetry. It involves capturing spatial data, which can include geometric details, textures, and colors, by using advanced sensors such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) or high-resolution cameras. The data collected from these sensors is then processed into point clouds or 3D models, which provide precise, as-built documentation of existing conditions.
BIM (Building Information Modeling) utilizes reality capture, for accurate site data critical for design, construction, and facility management. This technology enhances project accuracy by reducing errors and rework, improving coordination, and enabling virtual walkthroughs and analysis. It also supports asset management by providing detailed records that can be used for maintenance, renovation, or historical preservation.is a photogrammetry software solution for generating a 3D digital twin of the construction project from photography and laser scan point cloud data.
In another context, Reality capture technology is the precise to-the-point replication of on-site dimensions, geometries, and real-life positioning of objects with respect to the scale of millimetre’s even. This is primarily for the generation of as-built drawings depicting the update in the project development.
⏩ Scan to InfraBIM
InfraBIM is an acronym for BIM for infrastructure modeling. Scan-to-BIM involves using digital technologies, such as 3D scanning and BIM, for infrastructure projects.
By using scan-to-BIM techniques in InfraBIM projects, it is possible to create more detailed 3D models of infrastructure assets, which can be used for design, construction, and maintenance purposes.
The use of InfraBIM and scan-to-BIM can also help to improve collaboration and communication between different stakeholders involved in infrastructure projects.
Scan-to-BIM in Today’s Market Scenario
Gone are the days of manual on-site documentation. Virtual Design Construction (VDC) is already a big 10 billion$ market. With virtual reality and Artificial Intelligence inching toward every paradigm of life, it is expected to grow exponentially.
Concerning the VDC, Scan to BIM technology empowers construction engineers and BIM experts to create highly precise building information models and as-built documentation using advanced laser scanning.
This article introduces 13 essential terms and concepts associated with Scan-to-BIM, which are closely interconnected and commonly employed in conjunction with this technology. By exploring these terminologies readers gain a fundamental understanding on the workings of Scan-to-BIM technology.
